2. Operators and expressions

Operator

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical functions. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators −

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Unary Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Conditional Operators
• Bitwise Operators

1) Arithmetic Operators: These are used to perform arithmetic/mathematical operations on operands. The binary operators falling in this category are:

• Addition: The ‘+’ operator adds two operands. For example, a+b.
• Subtraction: The ‘-‘ operator subtracts two operands. For example, a-b.
• Multiplication: The ‘*’ operator multiplies two operands. For example, a*b.
• Division: The ‘/’ operator divides the first operand by the second. For example, a/b.
• Modulus: The ‘%’ operator returns the remainder when first operand is divided by the second. For example, a%b.

2) Relational Operators:-A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value 0.

Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.

• Operator	Meaning of Operator
  ==	Equal to
  >	Greater than
  <	Less than
  !=	Not equal to
  >=	Greater than or equal to
  <=	Less than or equal to

  
  

• 3)Logical Operators:-An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C programming.

  Operator	Meaning
  &&	Logical AND. True only if all operands are true
  ||	Logical OR. True only if either one operand is true
  !	Logical NOT. True only if the operand is 0

  
  

4). Unary operators:-Unary operator are operators that act upon a single operand to produce a new value.

Types of unary operators:

1. unary minus(-)
2. increment(++)
3. decrement(- -)
4. NOT(!)
5. Addressof operator(&)
6. sizeof()

5).Assignment operators:- Assignment operators are used to assigning value to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value.

Operators	Example/Description
=	sum = 10; 10 is assigned to variable sum
+=	sum += 10; This is same as sum = sum + 10
-=	sum -= 10; This is same as sum = sum – 10
*=	sum *= 10; This is same as sum = sum * 10
/=	sum /= 10; This is same as sum = sum / 10
%=	sum %= 10; This is same as sum = sum % 10
&=	sum&=10; This is same as sum = sum & 10
^=	sum ^= 10; This is same as sum = sum ^ 10

6). Conditional operator :-The conditional operator conditional operator is also known as a ternary operator. The conditional statements are the decision-making statements which depends upon the output of the expression. It is represented by two symbols, i.e., '?' and ':'.

As conditional operator works on three operands, so it is also known as the ternary operator.

The behavior of the conditional operator is similar to the 'if-else' statement as 'if-else' statement is also a decision-making statement.

Syntax:-Expression1?expression2:expression3;